Organ (anatomy)
In biology and anatomy, an organ (Latin: organum, "instrument, tool", from Greek ὄργανον - organon, "organ, instrument, tool"1) is a accumulating of tissues abutting in structural assemblage to serve a accepted function.2
Usually there is a main tissue and sporadic tissues. The capital tissue is the one that is different for the specific organ. For example, capital tissue in the heart is the myocardium, while desultory are the nerves, blood, connective etc.. Functionally accompanying organs generally abet to analysis accomplished organ systems. Organs abide in all college biological organisms, in accurate they are not belted to animals, but can aswell be articular in plants. In single-cell bacilli like bacteria, the functional analogues of organs are alleged organelles.
A hollow organ is a belly agency that is a alveolate tube or accessory (as the stomach or intestine) or that includes a atrium (as of the heart or urinary bladder).3
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Organ systems
The functions of agency systems generally allotment cogent overlap. For instance, the nervous and endocrine system both accomplish via a aggregate organ, the hypothalamus. For this reason, the two systems are accumulated and advised as the neuroendocrine system. The aforementioned is accurate for the musculoskeletal system, which involves the accord amid the muscular and skeletal systems.
Plant organs and agency systems
Organs of plants can be disconnected into abundant and reproductive. Abundant bulb organs are root, stem and leaf. The changeable organs are variable. In angiosperms, they are represented with the flower, seed and fruit. In conifers, the agency that bears the changeable structures is alleged a cone. In added capacity of plants, the changeable organs are alleged strobili (in Lycopodiophyta) or artlessly gametophores (in mosses).
The abundant organs are capital for advancement the activity of a bulb (they accomplish the basic functions, such as photosynthesis), while the changeable organs are capital in reproduction. However, if there is asexual vegetative reproduction, the abundant organs are those that actualize the new bearing of plants (see clonal colony).
The two capital agency systems in vascular plants are the basis arrangement and the shoot system.
Animal organs and agency systems
The agency akin of organisation in animals can be aboriginal detected in flatworms and the added avant-garde phyla. The less-advanced taxons (like Placozoa, Porifera and Radiata) do not appearance alliance of their tissues into organs.
List of above beastly agency systems
There are eleven above agency systems begin in mammals.
Mammals such as bodies accept a array of agency systems. These specific systems are aswell broadly advised in human anatomy.
- Circulatory system: pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood and blood vessels.
- Digestive system: digestion and processing aliment with salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum and anus.
- Endocrine system: advice aural the physique application hormones fabricated by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary or pituitary gland, pineal body or pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroids and adrenals, i.e., adrenal glands.
- Excretory system: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra complex in aqueous balance, electrolyte antithesis and elimination of urine.
- Integumentary system: skin, hair and nails.
- Lymphatic system: structures complex in the alteration of lymph amid tissues and the blood stream, the lymph and the nodes and vessels that carriage it including the Immune system: arresting adjoin disease-causing agents with leukocytes, tonsils, adenoids, thymus and spleen.
- Muscular system: movement with muscles.
- Nervous system: collecting, appointment and processing advice with brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and nerves.
- Reproductive system: the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis.
- Respiratory system: the organs acclimated for breathing, the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm.
- Skeletal system: structural abutment and aegis with bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons.
See also
- Cloning
- Fascia
- Organ transplant
- Organelles, akin sub-cellular structures
References
- ^ Organon, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus project
- ^ Widmaier EP, Raff H, and Strang KT (2003) Vander's Animal Physiology. 11th Ed. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 987-0-07-304962-5.
- ^ Dictionary.com > alveolate organ Citing: Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, 2002
External links
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