3rd millennium BC

Holocene Epoch; This box: view • talk •
	↑ Pleistocene
	Holocene
	Preboreal (10.3 ka – 9 ka), Boreal (9 ka – 7.5 ka), Atlantic (7.5 ka – 5 ka), Subboreal (5 ka – 2.5 ka) Subatlantic (2.5 ka – present)

Bronze Age; This box: view • talk •
	↑ Neolithic
	Near East (3300-1200 BC) Caucasus, Anatolia, Levant, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Elam, Sistan Bronze Age collapse Indian Subcontinent (3000-1200 BC) Europe (3000-600 BC) Aegean Caucasus Catacomb culture Srubna culture Beaker culture Unetice culture Tumulus culture Urnfield culture Hallstatt culture Atlantic Bronze Age Bronze Age Britain Nordic Bronze Age Italian Bronze Age China (3000-700 BC) Korea (800-400 BC)
	arsenical bronze; writing, literature; sword, chariot
	↓Iron age

Millennia:	4th millennium BC · 3rd millennium BC · 2nd millennium BC
Centuries:	30th century BC · 29th century BC · 28th century BC · 27th century BC · 26th century BC · 25th century BC · 24th century BC · 23rd century BC · 22nd century BC · 21st century BC

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The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age.

It represents a aeon of time in which imperialism, or the admiration to conquer, grew to prominence, in the city-limits states of the Middle East, but aswell throughout Eurasia, with Indo-European amplification to Anatolia, Europe and Axial Asia. The acculturation of Ancient Egypt rises to a aiguille with the Old Kingdom. World population is estimated to accept angled in the advance of the millennium, to some 30 actor people.

Overview

The Bronze Age occurred estimately amid 3000 BC and 2500 BC. The antecedent millennium had apparent the actualization of advanced, urbanized civilizations, new bronze metallurgy extending the abundance of agronomical work, and awful developed means of advice in the anatomy of writing. In the 3rd millennium BC, the advance of these riches, both intellectually and physically, became a antecedent of altercation on a political stage, and rulers approved the accession of added abundance and added power. Along with this came the aboriginal appearances of mega architecture, imperialism, organized ability and centralized revolution.

The civilizations of Sumer and Akkad in Mesopotamia became a accumulating of airy city-states in which warfare was common. Uninterrupted conflicts drained all accessible resources, energies and populations. In this millennium, above empires succeeded the last, and conquerors grew in ability until the abundant Sargon of Akkad pushed his authority to the accomplished of Mesopotamia and beyond. It would not be surpassed in admeasurement until Assyrian times 1500 years later.

In the Old Kingdom of Egypt, the Egyptian pyramids were complete and would abide the tallest and better animal constructions for bags of years. Aswell in Egypt, pharaohs began to aspect themselves as active Gods fabricated of an aspect altered from that of added human beings. Even in Europe, which was still abundantly neolithic during the aforementioned aeon of time, the builders of megaliths were amalgam behemothic monuments of their own. In the Near East and the Occident during the 3rd millennium BC, banned were getting pushed by architects and rulers.

Towards the abutting of the millennium, Egypt became the date of the aboriginal accepted anarchy recorded in history. After diffuse wars, the Sumerians accustomed the allowances of affinity into a abiding anatomy of civic government and became a almost peaceful, well-organized, circuitous technocratic accompaniment alleged the 3rd absolutism of Ur. This absolutism was after to become circuitous with a beachcomber of nomadic invaders accepted as the Amorites, who were to play a above role in the arena during the afterward centuries.

Events

A archetypal of the aged boondocks of Los Millares, with its walls.

Hayk is the allegorical ancestor and architect of the Armenian nation

c. 3000 BC Aboriginal affirmation of gold getting acclimated (in the Middle East) was from this time period.
c. 3000 BC Nubian A-Group, Ta-Seeti "kingdom" came to an end due to possibe raids by Egypt
c. 3000 BC – 2000 BC—Vessels from Denmark are made. They are now at National Museum, Copenhagen.
c. 2890 BC Second Absolutism of Egypt, administration of Hotepsekhemwy
Syria: Foundation of the city-limits of Mari (29th aeon BC).
Semitic tribes absorb Assyria in arctic allotment of the apparent of Shinar and Akkad
Phoenicians achieve on Syrian coast, with centers at Tyre and Sidon
Beginning of the aeon of the "Sage Kings" in China
c. 2879 BC Rise of the Văn Lang Kingdom and the Hồng Bàng Dynasty in arctic Viet Nam.
c. 2800 BC–2700 BC—Harp Player, from Keros, Cyclades, was made. It is now at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Iran: Creation of the Kingdom of Elam.
Germination of the Bristlecone pine timberline "Methuselah" about 2700 BC, the oldest accepted tree still active now.
c. 2686 BC Third Absolutism of Egypt, administration of Sanakhte
c. 2613 BC Fourth Absolutism of Egypt, administration of Sneferu
c. 2600 BC—Founding of the Chalcolithic Iberian civilizations of Los Millares and Zambujal.
c. 2500 BC—Excavation and development of the Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni at Paola, Malta, a cavern templex circuitous after acclimated as a necropolis.
c. 2498 BC Fifth Absolutism of Egypt, administration of Userkaf
c. 2492 BC The Armenian ancestor Haik defeats the Babylonian baron Bel.
c. 2452 BC—Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, a accumulation of allegorical rulers in Ancient China.
c. 2345 BC- Sixth Absolutism of Egypt, administration of Teti
c. 2030–1556 BC—Xia Dynasty, aboriginal Chinese absolutism and government arrangement accustomed [1]
c. 2500 BC–2200 BC—Incised console "Frying pan", from Syros, Cyclades is made. It is now at National Archaeological Museum, Athens.
c. 2500 BC–2200 BC—Two abstracts of women, from the Cyclades, are made. They are now at Museum of Cycladic Art, Athens.
Dynasty of Lagash in Sumer.
Golden age of Ur in Mesopotamia. (2474 BC–2398 BC)
Unified Indus Valley Civilisation (2600 BC).
c. 2300 BC C-Group pastoralist access in Nubia
Indo-Europeans aboriginal access Greece (23rd aeon BC).
c. 2181 BC Seventh and Eighth Absolutism of Egypt(2181-2160)
c. 2160 BC Ninth Absolutism of Egypt, administration of Akhtoy Meryibtowe
c. 2130 BC Tenth Absolutism of Egypt, administration of Meryhathor
c. 2134 BC Eleventh Absolutism of Egypt, administration of Mentuhotep I
Megalithic, Corded Ware culture and the Beaker curl in Europe.
Sumerian poetry, black the afterlife of Tammuz, the attend god
Sumerian cuneiform autograph reduces pictographs still in use to about 550
Sumerian arch deities are Mother Goddess Innin and her son Tammuz; agnate divinities are admired by Egyptians, Hittites, Phoenicians, and Scandinavians
Major religious anniversary in Sumeria celebrates achievement of god of bounce over goddess of chaos
Earliest Trojan culture
Glass chaplet in Egypt
Beginning of the Pengtoushan culture in China.

Environmental changes

Major clearing of Axial Saharans into West Africa possibly due to climate change starting in 4th millennium BC.

Significant persons

Djoser, baron of Egypt, commissions the Step Pyramid at Saqqara
Gilgamesh, fifth baron of the Aboriginal Absolutism of Uruk, immortalized in the world's aboriginal arcane plan the Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 26th aeon BC)
Khufu, baron of Egypt, architect of the Great Pyramid of Giza
Urukagina, baron of Lagash, creates the aboriginal accepted administrative cipher (24th aeon BC)
Lugalsaggizi, baron of Uruk and Umma conquers Lagash (2371–2347 BC)
Sargon the Great, architect of the authority of Akkad and Sumer (2371–2316 BC middle chronology)
Ur-Nammu architect of the 3rd absolutism of Ur (2112–2095 BC middle chronology)
The Three August Ones and Five Emperors of China

Cultures

Minoan Snake Goddess

c. 3000 BC Nubian A-Group Ability comes to an end
c. 3000 BC—Cycladic culture started in Ancient Greece.
c. 3000 BC—Minoan culture appeared on Crete.
c. 3000 BC—Helladic aeon started in acreage Ancient Greece.
Old Elamite aeon (ca. 2700 BC – 1600 BC).
c. 2300 BC Nubian C-Group culture
Corded Ware culture (also Battle-axe culture, or Single Grave culture).
Norte Chico civilization.
Late Maikop culture.
Late Vinca culture.
Late Funnelbeaker culture.
Baden culture.
Globular Amphora culture.
Early Beaker culture.
Yamna culture, Catacomb culture, acceptable loci of Indo-European Satemization.
The Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim ability emerges from the Catacomb culture from about 2200 BC, acceptable locus of Proto-Indo-Iranian.
c 2500 BC Austronesian peoples from Formosa accept colonised Luzon in arctic Philippines

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Great Pyramid of Giza, Kheops

The Anesthetic Wheel in Bighorn Civic Forest, Wyoming, USA

Pottery develops in Americas (30th aeon BC).
c. 3000 BC—Potter's wheel appears in China.
2900 BC—2400 BC; Sumerians ad-lib phonogram (linguistics).
c. 2300 BC—Metals are acclimated in Northern Europe.
Chinese almanac a comet.
Building of the Abundant Pyramid of Giza (26th aeon BC).
Sails acclimated on ships (20th aeon BC).
First ziggurats congenital in Sumer.
Near East civilizations access Bronze Age about 3000 BC.
Oldest accepted medicine wheel complete in the Americas.
Bronze and metallurgy alien to Ireland.
Domestication of the horse with the advancing of Indo-Europeans in axial Eurasia.
The chariot emerges in Central Asia Indo-Europeans just afore 2000 BC.
The camel (dromedary) domesticated¹² (though boundless use took until mid-to-late 2nd millennium BC).
Indoor accouterments and carrion in the Indus Valley Civilization.
Sumerian anesthetic discovers the healing qualities of mineral springs
Weaving approach accepted in Europe
Sumerian after arrangement based on multiples of 6 and 12
Egyptians ascertain use of papyrus
Bow and arrow acclimated in warfare
Austronesian peoples accept developed lanteen sail, and the out-rigger as able-bodied as all-encompassing development of angelic aeronautics systems
Oldest accepted affirmation of the inhalation of cannabis smoke, as adumbrated by charred cannabis seeds begin in a ritual brazier at a burial site in abreast Romania.³

Cultural landmarks

Stonehenge

c. 3000 BC—2500 BC—Tomb, Newgrange, Ireland, was built.
c. 2750 BC—1500 BC—Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England, is built.
Completion of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Completion of aboriginal appearance of Stonehenge cairn in England.
Era of Buena Vista pyramid/observatory in Peru.

Centuries

References

^ Scarre, Chris (1993-09-15). Smithsonian Timelines of the Ancient World. pp. 176. ISBN 978-1564583055. "Both the dromedary (the one-humped biscuit of Arabia) and the Bactrian biscuit (the two-humped biscuit of Axial Asia) had been calm aback afore 2000 BC."
^ Bulliet, Richard (1990-05-20) [1975]. The Biscuit and the Wheel. Morningside Book Series. Columbia University Press. pp. 183. ISBN 978-0231072359. "As has already been mentioned, this blazon of appliance [camels affairs wagons] goes aback to the ancient accepted aeon of two-humped biscuit conduct in the third millennium BC"
^ Rudgley, Richard (1998). Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age.. New York: Chargeless Press. ISBN 0-6848-5580-1.

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[0] Scarre, Chris (1993-09-15). Smithsonian Timelines of the Ancient World. pp. 176. ISBN 978-1564583055. "Both the dromedary (the one-humped biscuit of Arabia) and the Bactrian biscuit (the two-humped biscuit of Axial Asia) had been calm aback afore 2000 BC."

[1] Bulliet, Richard (1990-05-20) [1975]. The Biscuit and the Wheel. Morningside Book Series. Columbia University Press. pp. 183. ISBN 978-0231072359. "As has already been mentioned, this blazon of appliance [camels affairs wagons] goes aback to the ancient accepted aeon of two-humped biscuit conduct in the third millennium BC"

[bookLost_Civilisations_of_the_Stone_Age-2] Rudgley, Richard (1998). Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age.. New York: Chargeless Press. ISBN 0-6848-5580-1.

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Millennia:	4th millennium BC · 3rd millennium BC · 2nd millennium BC
Centuries:	30th century BC · 29th century BC · 28th century BC · 27th century BC · 26th century BC · 25th century BC · 24th century BC · 23rd century BC · 22nd century BC · 21st century BC